HYBRID QUANTUM-CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURES FOR OPTIMIZING MACHINE LEARNING TRAINING SPEED AND ACCURACY IN BRAIN TUMOR DETECTION

Abstract

Brain tumor classification remains a challenging task due to the complex heterogeneity of glioma characteristics and the limitations of conventional machine learning approaches in effectively integrating multimodal biomedical data. Recent advances in quantum machine learning have demonstrated promising capabilities for handling high-dimensional data; however, existing models often suffer from limited feature representation, insufficient multimodal integration, and optimization challenges. This paper proposes an Enhanced Hybrid Quantum–Classical Architecture (EHQCA) for glioma classification by combining MRI imaging features and TCGA molecular biomarkers within a unified learning framework. The proposed methodology employs ResNet-50 for imaging feature extraction, ensemble feature selection for molecular biomarkers, attention-based multimodal fusion, adaptive amplitude encoding, and a Multi-Layer Variational Quantum Classifier (ML-VQC). A hybrid Adam-SPSA optimization strategy is introduced to improve convergence speed and training stability. Experimental analysis demonstrates that the proposed EHQCA framework achieves superior classification performance, attaining 91.2% accuracy while reducing training epochs compared with existing quantum and classical models. The results highlight the effectiveness of multimodal fusion and quantum-enhanced learning for improving brain tumor diagnosis and supporting precision medicine applications