Enhancing Energy Efficiency and Conservation in Sulu: A Case Study of the Green Bulb Project

Abstract

Energy efficiency and conservation have become critical strategies for achieving sustainable development, mitigating climate change, and enhancing energy security, particularly in geographically isolated and resource-constrained communities. This study evaluated the implementation and effectiveness of the Green Bulb Project, a community-based energy conservation initiative implemented in the Province of Sulu, Philippines. Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior, Community-Based Resource Management, and the OECD-DAC Evaluation Framework, the study employed a qualitative evaluative case study design. Data were collected through documentary analysis of the Green Bulb Project Terminal Report, monitoring and evaluation reports, information, education, and communication (IEC) materials, project records, and participant feedback. Thematic analysis was used to identify key patterns related to project implementation, stakeholder participation, community awareness, behavioral change, and sustainability. The findings revealed that the project successfully enhanced public awareness of energy efficiency, strengthened multi-sectoral collaboration among local government units, educational institutions, and community organizations, and promoted the adoption of practical energy-saving behaviors, including the use of energy-efficient lighting and responsible electricity consumption. Capacity-building activities and participatory approaches emerged as significant factors contributing to project effectiveness and community ownership. However, challenges related to financial resources, geographical accessibility, and long-term monitoring were identified. The study concludes that community-based energy conservation initiatives can complement national energy policies by fostering behavioral change and strengthening local participation in sustainable energy management. It recommends institutionalizing similar programs through stronger inter-agency partnerships, continuous public education, digital engagement strategies, and systematic monitoring and evaluation to enhance long-term sustainability and support national and global sustainable development objectives.