An Integrated ISM-MICMAC Analysis for Mapping Key Factors for Lean-Green Integration in Small Scale Manufacturing Systems

Abstract

The growing demand for sustainable manufacturing has encouraged industries to integrate Lean and Green manufacturing for achieving operational excellence along with environmental sustainability. The implementation is influenced by multiple interrelated factors, particularly in small-scale manufacturing systems where resource constraints and limited technical capabilities exist. The study aims to identify key factors influencing Lean-Green integration and to develop a structured framework to find the interrelationships. An extensive literature survey was performed to identify factors affecting Lean-Green integration, which were subsequently refined to 14 key relevant factors. These factors were validated and ranked based on expert opinions collected. The ISM approach was then employed to establish the relationships among these factors and to develop a hierarchical structural model. The MICMAC analysis was conducted that classifies factors on the basis of driving and dependence power. Results show that management commitment, Lean and Green training, and organizational culture-related aspects act as key driving factors, forming the foundation for successful implementation. Also, factors such as Emission Control and Energy Management are found to be highly dependent on these drivers. The findings of this study provide a valuable insight for practitioners in prioritizing strategies for Lean-Green implementation in small-scale manufacturing systems.