Building Microgrids and Integrating Distributed Energy Resources with Battery Electric Vehicles to Improve the Resilience of India's Practical Distribution System

Abstract

The need for robust power distribution systems has been fueled by the expansion of renewable energy sources, the quick electrification of transportation, and an increase in harsh weather events. The current operational issues of distributed generation, battery energy storage, and electric car integration are posing an increasing challenge to the traditional distribution networks, which were designed for centralized power generation and one direction of power flow. Special attention is paid to smart charging, vehicle-to-grid (V2G), and the coordinated functioning of BEVs in microgrids that are rich in renewable energy. The review also examines technical, economic, regulatory and cyber security issues of such large scale deployment and outlines future research opportunities in how artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, digital twins, blockchain, and multi-microgrid coordination can contribute to the future development of these technologies. The results suggest that the combination of microgrids, DERs, BES, and BEVs can be an effective way to enhance the resilience of a distribution system in terms of operational flexibility, faster post-disturbance recovery, better renewable energy use and reliability of electricity supply. It is concluded from the review that coordinated technological innovation, supportive regulatory frameworks and continued investments in smart grid infrastructure are key to creating resilient and sustainable electricity distribution systems to cater to the future energy needs of India.