NETWORK GOVERNANCE IN INMATE REHABILITATION: LESSONS FROM AN INDONESIAN BORDER CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION

Abstract

Social reintegration of inmates constitutes a major challenge in contemporary correctional systems, particularly in regions with limited resources and complex social contexts. This study analyzes the practice of Network Governance in the Inmate Development Program at the Class IIB Correctional Institution of Nunukan Regency using the framework proposed by Molin and Masella, which encompasses the dimensions of choice, meta-governance, and evaluation. Employing a qualitative research approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis involving key stakeholders engaged in inmate development. The findings reveal that a cross-sectoral network involving actors from education, vocational training, rehabilitation, religious guidance, and social reintegration has been established and functions operationally to support inmate rehabilitation. However, the governance of this network remains predominantly centralized, with the correctional institution exercising dominant control over partner selection, coordination, and decision-making processes. Network coordination is largely administrative and program-oriented, while horizontal integration and collective leadership among stakeholders remain limited. Furthermore, program evaluation is fragmented and conducted separately by each institution, without an integrated mechanism that incorporates the perspectives of all actors, including inmates. This study concludes that although Network Governance has supported inmate development at a functional level, it has not yet evolved into a collaborative and learning-oriented governance system, highlighting the need for strengthened cross-sectoral forums, collaborative leadership, and integrated evaluation mechanisms to ensure sustainable social reintegration outcomes.