Dynamic Routing and Energy Optimisation in Heterogeneous WSNs With Enhanced LEACH Algorithm

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are energy-constrained, and their operational lifetime is compromised. Energy-efficient routing is a key factor in wireless sensor networks, as these nodes do not have the same energy resources as those in  heterogeneous WSNs. This paper aims to enhance dynamic routing protocols to improve LEACH performance in heterogeneous WSNs.The present method increases energy efficiency by using real-time adaptive schemes to sustain network efficiency through residual energy through cluster head selection and a preferential energy-efficient strategy. In heterogeneous WSNs, hierarchical routing protocols is demonstrate better performance in terms of energy efficiency and scalability when compared to flat and location-based routing approaches. Topology control, adaptive routing, and power management are implemented to reduce energy consumption. Energy-consuming transmissions are minimised by multi-hop clustering and optimised relay selection. This enables more flexible routing strategies and enhanced performance, which prolongs the operational duration of WSNs, allowing applications in IoT and other information technologies.