A Comprehensive Review of Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols for Next-Generation IoT Networks

Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology link to the objects that interact between themselves to provide better services for users in an unbelievable way and makes everything easy. The applications of IOT include healthcare monitoring, smart city, smart retail, smart home and agriculture. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) plays a vital role in IoT as it includes data processing, connectivity, sensing, and data acquiring. A wireless, self-configuring, and multi-hop network is called a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET). The node of the MANET acts as a router and is always connected to WSN. Hence, the interface between IoT and MANET opens new ways for service facilities in smart environments. The main challenging issue of MANET-IOT is energy balancing over nodes. The IoT technology works on various wireless sensors and so the main aim of MANET protocols is to find the shortest path to be more efficient. Many researchers have designed energy-efficient routing protocols for improving network lifetime and due to the lack of composite solution over MANET-IoT networks, we plan to review the novel energy-efficient routing protocols that can provide a composite solution for routing over the MANET-IoT networks. This survey reviews the different types of routing protocols based on its topological structure, and energy efficiency characteristics. The performance metrics used to evaluate the efficiency of the routing protocols are also presented.