Role of Active Flow Control in Reducing Drag and Improving Fuel Efficiency in Modern Aircraft

Abstract

With an emphasis on Common Research Model with Simple Hinged Flap and Active Flow Control (CRM-SHL-AFC) configuration, this study examines the effectiveness of AFC in lowering aerodynamic drag and increasing fuel efficiency in commercial aircraft. The study fills three important gaps in literature: structural and energy viability of onboard-powered AFC integration; predictive accuracy of Lattice-Boltzmann-based Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solvers across different angles of attack; and, drag reduction and lift enhancement potential of localized AFC on hinged flaps during take-off and landing. A three-pronged approach was used: Research Question 1 was addressed through PRISMA-guided systematic literature review, and Research Questions 2 and 3 were examined through in-depth case study analyses of wind tunnel experimental data and computational simulations. Results suggest that lift performance of traditional Fowler-flap configurations was matched by AFC-enabled CRM-SHL-AFC configuration enhanced by High Efficiency Low Power actuators thus verifying the Lattice-Boltzmann CFD solver predictions over a wide angle-of-attack range. While boundary layer suction techniques showed promise for profile drag reductions surpassing 70% under cruise conditions, localized AFC on hinged flaps produced quantifiable improvements in lift-to-drag ratios during crucial flight stages. The paper highlights how AFC integration in next-generation aircraft can directly help international civil aviation industry, including manufacturers, operators and regulatory agencies, by reducing fuel usage by 20–25% thus also meeting decarbonization goals of International Civil Aviation Organization.