PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF WAVE PACKETS IN LOW DENSE VEHICULAR AD-HOC NETWORKS

Abstract

Communication has reached new heights with the introduction of term wireless in its family. Wireless communication includes the voice, video and data transfer with the help of radio, infrared, satellite, microwave, Wi-Fi, mobile etc. Some of the popular wireless networks include Personal area network with enabled standards like Bluetooth, Local area network with for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11, metropolitan area network with IEEE 802.15 and wide area network with cellular technologies. Many new approaches have been emerged in the networking field due to the up-gradation of technology with the rise in smart cellular based handheld devices. It is a revolutionary phase where people are relying on the technology via tabs, smart phones, laptops and other wireless devices. Among different available wireless technologies like Radio Frequency based, Infra Red (IR) based, Microwave etc. the ad-hoc routing is bringing the interest of researchers to reach new heights in people-centric and opportunistic based routing. The IEEE developed and governs many standards for communication. The wireless standard IEEE 802.11 contains miscellaneous standards for wireless local area network released for the unlicensed use for providing benefits to the society. Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANETs) has been one of the major interested areas of research for people working in networking for a long time. But in the last few years, many researchers have been interested in working with vehicular communications, which is another type of ad-hoc network that can be practically experimented in real-time. Vehicular Ad-hoc NETwork (VANET) is another sort of MANET in which nodes are replaced by moving vehicles. VANET communication differs from MANET in many aspects as the there is no battery issue since the vehicles are acting nodes and can continuously provide power to the installed circuit boards. As vehicles will move with high speed so remain in the network for a very smaller time and follows a predefined path so their movement and location can be predicted. Researchers have many challenges in the implementation of VANET such as high node mobility and continuously changing topology, vehicles follow different routes making the operating environment very dynamic. Such challenges can be resolved by attaining a good Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and low delay rates. In this research work, we are analyzing the performance of designed VANET scenario on specified 40 vehicles for a 10 second simulated scenario. The performance metrics Basic Safety Messages (BSM) Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Average Goodput, MAC/PHY overhead, packet received, receive rate, and Wireless Access for Vehicular Environments (WAVE) packets are analyzed over four VANET routing protocols- Ad-hoc On Demand Vector (AODV), Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) in a defined area. The motivation behind to do this research work is to analyze the performance of designed network scenario with lesser number of vehicles . The selection of the best routing protocol is the main motive of this study. The findings showed that DSR performed 29% better in average goodput than other routing protocols, OLSR is 55% better performer in MAC/PHY overhead, OLSR is 1.35% better in safety messages of PDR. DSR is performed 2.2% better than in receive rate, and 2.27% in packets received. DSDV is the best performer with 12% ratio in Wave packets analysis followed by AODV with 11.8% and OLSR with 11.7%.