Artificial Intelligence-Driven Assessment and Performance Evaluation of Fifth-Generation (5G) Wireless Communication Networks

Abstract

The rapid evolution of Fifth Generation (5G) wireless communication has introduced new challenges in monitoring and optimising network performance due to increasing traffic demand, heterogeneous applications, and complex network architectures. This study assessed the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in 5G network performance using a review research approach. The review focused on eight major performance assessment areas, namely intelligent (Key Performance Indicator) KPI monitoring, predictive performance forecasting, QoE-centric (Quality of Experience) assessment, Automated Root Cause Analysis (ARCA), Radio Access Network (RAN) Optimization and self-tuning, network slicing performance assurance, energy efficiency assessment, and Digital Twin simulation for what-if testing. The work made use of recent peer-reviewed studies, gotten from reputable databases, including IEEE Xplore, SpringerLink, MDPI, Elsevier ScienceDirect, ACM Digital Library, and other credible publishers. From the reviewed studies, it was observed that AI techniques such as machine learning, deep learning, random forest, XGBoost, convolutional neural networks, long short-term memory networks, reinforcement learning, and digital twin technology can improve 5G network monitoring, intelligent decision-making, predictive maintenance, resource allocation, traffic management, energy efficiency, and network optimisation. The findings further revealed that AI enhances service reliability, reduces operational costs, minimizes latency, improves throughput, and supports proactive network management while ensuring compliance with Quality-of-Service requirements. From the results, it was concluded that AI is an essential technology for the performance assessment and optimization of modern 5G networks. This study will benefit telecommunication service providers, network engineers, researchers, government regulators, equipment manufacturers, and end users by demonstrating how AI can be applied to enhance the performance, quality of service, and sustainability of 5G communication networks.