Comprehensive Study of Grapevine Mildew Diseases and Their Impact on Grapes Quality and Yield

Abstract

Grapevines are fruit crops that are of significant importance not only economically but also culturally to the world. Still, they are very vulnerable to diseases of mildew and other infections, which jeopardize the quality of fruits, health of plants, and the productivity of vineyards. These diseases can be effectively managed and cultivated by early and accurate disease detection. This review provides a summary of the major detection techniques that are in use such as traditional visual inspections,molecular diagnostic,sensor-based and the latest development in Artificial Intelligence.Deep Learning-based image recognition frameworks enable rapid and precise analysis of grapevine leaf and fruit images supporting early detection of disease symptoms and efficient vineyard monitoring. Regardless of these developments, there are still issues in tackling versatile interactions of pathogens, minimization of expenses, and applicability on the field. The future prospects would be the incorporation of the biological understanding with AI-driven detection systems to assist in early detection, better management of the diseases and long-term sustainability of the vineyards.