BACTERIOLOGICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PROFILE IN RED TILAPIA FROM FISH FARMS IN CESAR: A REVIEW FROM THE ONE HEALTH APPROACH AND THE EXPERIENCE OF THE MICROBIOLOGY SEEDBED OF THE POPULAR UNIVERSITY OF CESAR

Abstract

The red tilapia Oreochromis sp. represents 62% of continental fish production in Colombia and is the livelihood of more than 1,805 families according to Fedeacua (2023). In the department of Cesar, its cultivation has grown exponentially in municipalities such as Chiriguaná, El Paso, Bosconia and Valledupar. However, this growth has been accompanied by outbreaks of streptococcosis and aeromoniasis that have generated losses of up to 40% in some crops. This review, the product of the formative research of Microbiology students from the Popular University of Cesar, analyzes the bacteriological profile reported in red tilapia and its relationship with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A systematic review of local, national and international literature was carried out between 2015-2025. The results show that the predominant genera are Streptococcus agalactiae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Plesiomonas shigellooides, Edwardsiella tarda, and enterobacteriaceae such as Klebsiella oxytoca and Citrobacter freundii. Worrying resistance to ampicillin, oxytetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, antibiotics commonly used in the region, is documented.