RURAL TOURISM AS A CATALYST OF CHANGE: CULTURAL AND LIVELIHOOD IMPACTS ON THE INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES OF KAHIBARI VILLAGE OF UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE MANAS NATIONAL PARK.

Abstract

This study analyzes the impression of tourism-driven modernization on the indigenous Bodo community of Kahibari village (Baksa district, Assam), located adjacent to Manas National Park (MNP), a UNESCO World Heritage Site. After the COVID-19 outbreak, there has been a spike in the tourism sector with visitor numbers rising by 53,158 and increased revenue of 37% in 2022–23 the village has experienced significant economic and cultural changes. Traditionally dependent upon agriculture, the 1,006 residents (147 households) have diversified livelihoods through tourism-related activities such as operating home stays, jungle safari guiding, handicrafts, ethnic cuisine kitchens, traditional cultural performances, and transportation services. Seasonal tourism (October–April) improves cash flow, reduces dependence on agriculture during lean period. Even self-help groups boost women’s economic empowerment through various products like handicrafts, food items and traditional attires. Culturally, the Bodo community of the area (Christianity with a minority) following Bathou traditional religion continues major traditions, especially during the Bwisagu festival, where traditional dance, music, and cuisines are showcased to tourists generating pride and income. However, it has led to simplification of rituals and performances for tourist appeal. There has been increasingly adoption of urban fashion and multilingualism by the Youths influenced by tourists. Community involvement in tourism has some households benefit directly (homestay owners, safari guides), while others participate indirectly (Business stalls, cultural dance, etc). It has brought economic stability and infrastructure improvements but remains seasonal due to lean period. The tourism linked to Manas National Park has transformed livelihood structures positively by empowering women, while keeping culture intact. Yet, it has also introduced adaptation of new trends and it has been seen impacted on traditions among youth. The study concludes that while new adaptation brings both challenges and opportunities, resulting with improved economic conditions and is an integral part of development for the Bodo community of Kahibari.