Mustafa Abduljabbar Dawood and Behdad Mostafaiy 2026. A Functional Early Warning Model for Sparse Binary Monitoring Data Using Penalized Logistic Splines. International Journal of Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management Applications. 18, 11s (Jul. 2026), 915–826. DOI:https://doi.org/10.70917/ijcisim-2026-3823.