THE EFFECT OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) INTEGRATION ON OVERCURRENT PROTECTION IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS

Abstract

Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are becoming more and more connected to power grids, which is changing the way security is usually done, especially when it comes to overcurrent protection. Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology helps the environment, saves energy, and gets people off the power grid, but it also makes operations more difficult, mostly because the power flows back and forth. This research paper explores the effects of solar PV penetration on overcurrent protection mechanisms, including fault detection, relay coordination, and protection device operation. The study uses in-depth case studies and models to show that adding more PV can change the size of fault currents and make them smaller. This can cause problems with how the system works, such as relays not responding quickly enough or safety devices not working together properly. Also, regular security methods often have trouble with flipped power flows, which makes it harder to find faults and could lower the system's reliability. The study looks at a number of advanced ways to deal with these problems, such as adaptive relaying schemes, directional overcurrent relays, inverter-based fault current limiters, and real-time synchronised inverter controls. The results of the simulations show that combining these methods keeps relay coordination and makes distribution network safety systems more reliable in situations with a lot of PV panels. In the end, this study stresses how important it is to use new planning methods and more advanced security techniques to make sure the grid is resilient. The results give utilities, system planners, and lawmakers’ important information and useful tips that will help them deal with problems that come up when integrating PV and build modern distribution networks that are sustainable, reliable, and adaptable.