Blockchain-Based Multi-Chain Framework for Secure Medicine Supply Chain Management

Abstract

The pharmaceutical supply chain operates as a multi-stakeholder network where maintaining visibility, authenticity, and secure data exchange is essential at every stage. Continuous monitoring is required to ensure quality and regulatory for drug manufacturing, storage and final distribution. Existing supply chain models rely heavily on centralized databases and manual documentation, which often leads to data in-consistencies, delayed audits, and increased exposure to counterfeit products. This study introduces a decentralized pharmaceutical traceability system based on a multi-chain blockchain architecture supported by a Django backend. The proposed framework segregates distributor and customer data across independent blockchain ledgers, enhancing transparency while preserving data privacy. Each ledger is secured using SHA-256 cryptographic hashing combined with proof-of-work consensus to ensure tamper resistance. Cold Chain Event Integrity Framework (CCEIF) is incorporated to monitor logistics conditions. It is integrated with QR-based batch verification with real-time IoT sensor data. This enables continuous tracking of drug movement and environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity, while sensor-triggered alerts allow immediate corrective actions when deviations occur. The system employs a role-based access mechanism with customized dashboards that facilitate secure communication among manufacturers, suppliers, retailers, and regulatory authorities. Django enables efficient user management, secure APIs, and automated compliance reporting. Validation through simulated pharmaceutical logistics scenarios demonstrated robust data immutability, secure multi-stage traceability, and alignment with global standards, including World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). The framework offers a scalable and dependable solution for enhancing pharmaceutical supply chain integrity across networks.