Business Model for Sustainable Coffee Production: A Systematic Literature Review of Southeast Asian Practices

Abstract

The increasing global demand for coffee has intensified the challenges faced by smallholder coffee farmers in Southeast Asian countries in achieving environmental, economic, and social sustainability in coffee production. This study presents a systematic literature review (SLR) of potential solutions and sustainable practices applicable to the coffee production sector in the region. Using the PRISMA framework, 40 peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2026 were analyzed through descriptive and thematic approaches. The findings highlight key components of sustainable coffee production business models, including value chain integration, certification systems, cooperative arrangements, agroforestry practices, technological innovations, and multi-stakeholder partnerships. These strategies contribute to improved farmer livelihoods, enhanced environmental management, and better market access. However, the review also reveals significant research gaps, particularly the limited number of comparative and longitudinal studies and the underrepresentation of emerging coffee-producing countries in existing literature. This study provides a synthesized understanding of sustainable coffee business models and offers insights for strengthening sustainable coffee systems in Southeast Asia.