A Comprehensive Review of The Circular Economy Model for Solid Waste Management in Malaysia

Abstract

The Circular Economy concept has been accepted worldwide, including in Malaysia. This concept is a shift from a linear economy, which is a take-and-dispose system, to a system that focuses on waste prevention, resource recovery, recycling, valorisation of organic waste, energy recovery, and active stakeholder engagement. The Malaysian Government has introduced the Blueprint for Solid Waste Circular Economy 2025-2035, the National Cleanliness Policy 2030, source-separation programmes, and plastic sustainability initiatives to support the transition to the Circular Economy. However, the implementation of these practices remains fragmented at the institutional and operational levels. Hence, this paper aims to create awareness among all concerned stakeholders by proposing an integrated Circular Economy Model for Solid Waste Management in Malaysia. The suggested model, drawing on the literature on global and Malaysian initiatives, comprises source separation, food waste prevention, material recovery, plastic circularity, digital waste monitoring, stakeholder governance, market creation, waste-to-energy, and performance measurement. The paper contributes a comprehensive framework that merges Circular Economy principles with energy efficiency. It aims to guide policymakers, local governments, industry stakeholders, and academics in promoting solid waste sustainability in Malaysia.